Our Children's Challenges During Ramadan

In a non-Muslim country such as the US, where Muslims are minorities, and where the majority of Muslim children are in public schools, the need to encourage our children to fast and to learn about the values of fasting is greater than in our Islamic countries.

In an environment where Islam is one of the fastest growing religions, but at the same time one of the most misunderstood religions, there is no doubt that it is harder for Muslim children to fast during Ramadan without feeling like strangers and foreigners among their classmates and teachers who do not share their beliefs and their Islamic way of life.

Help Your Child
Unlike other children in Muslim countries, American Muslim children -especially those who attend public schools- struggle during Ramadan, not just against thirst and hunger, but also when trying to explain to their schoolmates and teachers the meaning and values of fasting. Being different and unique is not easy, especially for children who are still young and may not fully understand the meaning of diversity among human beings.

Many of them prefer to be like their other classmates because they feel too shy to behave differently. In the meantime, it could be hard for their young non-Muslim classmates to understand why their Muslim friend is not eating or drinking at lunchtime. They may feel that fasting is too hard and cruel and that Islam requires his followers to torture themselves for no cause, which is in essence against humanity and appears merciless. Some may think that it is hard to study and learn while fasting as food and drink give children the energy to play and move. Still others may think that fasting decreases one's chance to develop and grow up.
Herein, the Muslim student - often already struggling due to being the only one fasting in his/her class - needing someone to encourage him/her and to strength his/her will, could start to feel like a stranger and foreigner among his/her schoolmates. Moreover, Muslim children may feel so embarrassed to tell others that they are fasting. Some Muslim students prefer to give any reason for not eating, such as saying that they are on a diet or do not feel hungry, rather than saying that they are fasting. They think that hiding themselves and their identity is much easier than facing their critics.

Therefore, it is very important for Muslim parents to be aware of the important role they should play in their children's life; especially when they start to fast and to face this new experience of fasting during Ramadan, and the new feeling of being different from their classmates. As parents we need to understand that our children's demands are much different than ours were when we were at that age. The times have changed, as well as the place, the environment, and the challenges.

Our children need us to be there for them and to understand their feelings, struggles, and challenges so that we could be able to address their needs and to help them to surpass those obstacles.

These little and innocent troubles could lead to bigger and more serious problems in the future, if parents do not pay them enough attention and time. Instead of helping them now and if we decry and disparage our children's problems we will create a climate for others to shake our children's self-confidence.

How Can We Help?
Most American public schools open their doors for Muslim parents, or any other minorities, to talk to their children's schoolmates about their vacations, feasts and traditions, in order to help children learn about diversity. Indeed, it helps children to understand others' traditions and subsequently to respect them, even if they look or act differently.

However, as some Muslim families take advantage of this opportunity to introduce Ramadan to their children's classes and to ease their children's foreignness and help them to feel proud of themselves and their religion, others don't care or share because they do not understand the challenges their children face in school during Ramadan.

But, going to schools and talking with our children's teachers and classmates about Ramadan are not the only steps parents could take to help their children and to strengthen their faith and self-confidence.

Start With Your Own Child
Before introducing Ramadan to our children's class, we need first to start with our children and to prepare them to be content with their uniqueness. In order to do this we have to.

Sahar Kassaimah is a freelance writer as well as the managing editor of the quarterly American Muslim magazine, and the editor in chief of American Muslim Kids magazine.

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Ramadan, the Quran, and Me

Muslims believe that the Quran is the word of God. It was revealed over a period of 23 years through Angel Gabriel to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Angel Gabriel used to revise the Quran with the Prophet once a year. But in the year of the Prophet's death, Gabriel revised with Prophet Muhammad all what was revealed to him twice. The revision process took place during the month of Ramadan. That is why the month of Ramadan is always linked to the Quran.

According to Muslims, everything linked to the Quran has a special significance. The night in which the Quran was revealed is called the "blessed night". The paper on which the Quran is written should be touched by people who show respect to it.

Ramadan is the month during which Muslims observe fasting, the fourth pillar of Islam. Fasting train Muslims how to discipline themselves and how to surrender themselves to God's commands.

Practicing Muslims do their best to get closer to God during Ramadan. They do extra good deeds, help the poor and the needy, visit their relatives, and so on. The best kind of worship they can do, however, is read the Quran. When Muslims read the Quran, they feel that God is addressing them directly.

The Quran is everywhere, in our cars, houses, offices, bookshelves, and even in our hearts, as many Muslims learn it by heart. But the question is, is it in our life? Do we act upon it? Do we embrace it in our daily life?

From my experience, the book really talks to me. I feel that every single command to do certain things and not to do certain things, is addressed to me. Sometimes when I am really concentrating while reading the Quran I find myself crying because of the way it addresses different issues.

Muslims are very keen to finish reading the Quran once or twice during the month of Ramadan. Early Muslim scholars used to finish reading the Quran many times. Imam Al-Shafi, one of the founders of the four main schools of thought, is said to have finished reading the Quran twice every night during Ramadan.

What is more important than reading the Quran, is reflecting and pondering on its meanings. While reading the Quran recently, one verse stopped me. The verse reads to mean:

[Tell those who believe to forgive those who hope not for the days of God; in order that He may requite folk what they used to earn.] (Al-Jathiyah 45:14)

The verse urges Muslims to be kind to non-Muslims who do not hope for the days of God. What is meant by the days of God is His promise of rewards to those who believe in Him. The verse was revealed when one of the non-Muslims of Makkah abused the Prophet's Companion, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. (may Allah be please with him). Initially, Umar wanted revenge. So the verse was revealed asking Umar and other Muslims to forgive the man and anyone who wants to inflict harm on them.

When Muslims are oppressed and discriminated against, they should show patience and put their trust in God that surely He will make a way out for them.

The idea of forgiving those who harm us and try to hurt our feeling is very basic in Muslim belief. Muslims are forgiving human beings. They forgive because God the Creator is also forgiving. How come that the Creator of the world is forgiving and we the humans are not?

This is one verse among many other verses which urge Muslims to be kind to all people, even those who harm them.

Mohsen Haredy is the Managing Editor of Reading Islam website.

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Muslim Women's Inheritance

In one Hadith of Sunan Ibn Majah our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said, "Learn the Laws of Inheritance and teach them to the people for they are the half of the useful knowledge". So, we will try to share with you all the inheritance right of Muslim women but before discussing the inheritance right of Muslim women, we need to know about inheritance law which was prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabian customary society in those days. In pre-Islamic Arabian customary society women did not have any inheritance right at all.

All the properties of the deceased belonged to the male agnates i.e. the male relatives of the deceased between whom and the deceased no female intervenes.

Islam came and rescued the women. Islam recognized the women's right of property at that time. In the holy Qur'an Chapter-4, Verse-7 Allah says "From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men and for women, whether the property be small or large- a determinate share."

We can clearly see that Almighty Allah in the above verse categorically states the women's inheritance right in 1400 years ago. Actually the Islamic law (shariah) is based on the holy Qur'an i.e. the revelation of Almighty Allah and the authentic Hadith i.e. the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) albeit scholars say that the Islamic law of inheritance is the amending form of the pre-Islamic customary law. So Islam allowed the women to inherit from their Father, Husband, Mother, Son, Brother, Daughter etc.

No religion on the face of the earth whether it be Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism or Buddhism recognized the inheritance right of women at any time as clearly as Islam does and it is the beauty of Islam.

We know in most of the developed countries in the west they boast that they give the women more right than anybody does but we see fifty years or hundred years back they did not allow their women their right of property. But now by making legislation the west are giving their women right of inheritance whereas Islam gave women their property right 1400 years ago.

For the easy understanding we need to know about the heirs who can inherit. There are three classes of heirs in Islamic law of inheritance such as:
(1) Zav-il-furuz i.e. Qur'anic heirs meaning those heirs whose share have been defined by Almighty Allah in the holy Qur'an in Ch- 4, V-11-12.
(2) Asabah i.e. those heirs whose share have not been fixed but they take from what is left after satisfying the claims of those whose share have been fixed in the first class. The principle of distribution of the second class is male takes the double share of female (2:1).
(3) Zav-il-Arham i.e. Distant Kindred if there is no heirs of the deceased in the first or second class then the heirs of this class inherit.

In the first class (Qur'anic share) there is a list of twelve heirs and those heirs are:
(1) Husband
(2) Wife
(3) Father
(4) True Grandfather
(5) Mother
(6) Grandmother
(7) Daughter
(8) Son's daughter
(9) Full Sister
(10) Consanguine Sister
(11) Uterine sister
(12) Uterine brother. All the members mentioned above are of the deceased persons.

We can clearly see that in the list of twelve heirs female dominates and 8 out of 12 are women. The beloved son is not there in this list and it is surprising.

But he inherits in the second class. There is a concept of primary heirs who are never excluded from inheriting among them are:
(1) Husband or Wife
(2) Mother
(3) Daughter
(4) Father
(5) Son

In this list also there are three women. In brief we will see the fraction of share of women.

Wife's Right of Inheritance
Wife gets 1/8 (as Qur'anic sharer) if the propositus i.e. the deceased has got children but if the propositus i.e. the deceased has got no children then wife will get 1/4 (as Qur'anic sharer) of the whole of the total estate .

Daughter's Right of Inheritance
Daughter gets 1/2(as Qur'anic sharer) if more than one they get 2/3 collectively (as Qur'anic sharer) of the whole property. But if there is son or sons she does not inherit in this class rather she is agnatised in the second class and inherits with son or sons on the principle 2:1 means male gets double the share of female.

Mother's Right of Inheritance
Mother gets 1/6(as Qur'anic sharer) if the propositus i.e. the deceased has children but if the propositus i.e. the deceased does not have any children mother gets 1/3(as Qur'anic sharer). If the propositus i.e. the deceased has got one brother or one sister mother gets 1/3 but if more than one brother or one sister she gets 1/6(not 1/3).

Grandmother's Right of Inheritance
she gets 1/6(as Qur'anic sharer) if the propositus i.e. the deceased has got children but if the propositus i.e. the deceased does not have any children she also gets 1/6 of the whole property but if there is mother of the deceased person, grandmother gets nothing and she is excluded .

Son's Daughter's Right of Inheritance
Son's daughter gets1/2 (as Qur'anic sharer), if more than one son's daughter they get collectively 2/3 (as Qur'anic sharer). If there is one daughter of the propositus i.e. the deceased, son's daughter gets 1/6(as Qur'anic sharer) but more than one daughter son's daughter is excluded. If there is son's son, son's daughter does not inherit a fixed amount rather inherits with son's son on the principle of 2:1.

Full Sister's Right of Inheritance
Full sister means the deceased's own sister, she gets 1/2 (as Qur'anic sharer) if more than one they get 2/3(as Qur'anic sharer) collectively. Full sister gets agnatised with Full brother. She is excluded by Father, Son, Son's Son, and True Grandfather.

Consanguine Sister's Right of Inheritance
She gets 1/2 (as Qur'anic sharer) but if more than one they get 2/3(as Qur'anic sharer) collectively. She gets agnatised with consanguine brother. If there is one Full sister, she gets 1/6(as Qur'anic sharer) but more than one Full Sister, she gets nothing. She is excluded by Son, Son's Son, Father, True Grandfather and more than one full sister.

Uterine Sister's Right of Inheritance
She gets 1/6(as Qur'anic sharer) but more than one uterine sister or uterine brother they get 1/3(as Qur'anic sharer) collectively.

This allocation of share might seem a bit difficult to those who have not come across this before.

We are not trying to explain the whole Islamic law of inheritance what we are trying to show that women are inheriting from their Father, Husband, Brother, Grandfather etc.

No religion on the face of the earth whether it is Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism or any other religion describe in detail the inheritance right of women as Islam does .Islam provides the women their proper right like no other religion does .

This is a scientific method and it shows that how technician the Almighty Allah is! Islam does not allow subjugation of women in the name of Culture, Modernism, Capitalism, Socialism or any other Ism. It gives women a higher position.

But in reality we see that Muslim women are being deprived of their Inheritance, Dower but this is not the fault of Islam rather this is a problem of the Muslims. If the Muslims follow the Qur'an (the revelation of Almighty Allah) and Sunnah (the sayings of Prophet Muhammad) they will be refrained from doing this.

There are some principles of Islamic law regarding inheritance such as:
(1) Nearer in degree excludes the more remote i.e. son excludes son's son
(2) Males get double share of female in case where there is no fixed amount for the heirs (Assabah).

The critics of Islamic law often say that this is an injustice that female gets half of the male where there is no fixed amount.

It is a false notion .The justification is that in the Islamic law all the maintenance of female and other members of family must be incurred by the male members. So we see that females have no obligation to maintain the family by her own means .So if she gets half of the male member she will not have to expense out of that share at all .But in case of male he has to spend his property to maintain his family.

So we see women get less than man but they spend nothing whereas men get double but they need to spend the property for the welfare and maintenance of the family. Moreover Muslim women get Dower (Bride's gift) at the time of marriage from her husband and this is her own property.

So, logic says that Muslim women win more than lose. So, we should rather say Muslim women as victorious women than other women.

In modern society people suggest that male and female should get equally but Islam does not believe in equality but in equity i.e. justice, fairness, uprightness. Though apparently it seems that Muslim women do not get equal to the men but if we scrutinize this than we will be able to see the philosophy that no obligation and an equitable share for women, all obligations and a little high share. Any logical man will be able to see that it is more than equality. Women here are the winner. The Muslim law professor of Dhaka University, Dr. Taslima Monsoor, often says that Muslim women are like Queens.

Arfan Ahmed, Department of Law, University of Dhaka, E-mail:ArfanNDCDU@gmail.com

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Why Afghanistan? No Answer!

IT is apparent the US-led NATO had hatched a long term plan even as the Soviets were occupying Afghanistan to prevent fall of pro-Soviet regime there. Once they kicked the Soviets from there by influencing M. Gorbachev they wanted to execute their plan but waited for years before they could go about it under “terrorism” cover. End of communist regime in Moscow and disintegration of USSR offered them hopes and enabled them invade Afghanistan as a terror zone. Reports of those days suggest that western world was unhappy that Taliban removed a stone-god made by man and hence the war. However, indications suggest the western media created phobia in Afghanistan coercing the Taliban regime to remove the manly god. In fact they should have left the stone there as a witness to the flourishing Taliban rule in Afghanistan. But it seems they were not given any choices.

The remarkable video message from US president Barack Obama to Iran - offering "the promise of a new beginning" in his country's relationship with Iran - launched on the occasion of Nowruz, the Iranian New Year and Obama speech later in Cairo did enthuse the Islamic world to a great extent. But the western troubles in Iran’s Presidential poll and its aftermath al most destroyed the good-will generated by Obama. Pentagon-CIA-Mossad and their “willing” terror partners around the world are deadly keen to keep the tensions alive. The Pentagon/CIA/ Mossad threats and cold rhetoric aimed at Iranian aggressive postures to any US arrogance are not in the best interests of bilateral ties, especially US-Iranian relations. It appears the media imply that the NATO would like to prolong the terror wars only to find opportunity to invade Iran and hence genocides continue in Afghanistan and Iraq.

While Israel and Neocons think a war with Iran is inevitable, President Obama considers the Afghanistan factor in normalizing tires with Iran . Withdrawing of the NATO led western terror forces from and allowing for the establishing a credible regime in Afghanistan should be the top most Mideast priority of the Obama administration. Unlike the Palestine issue, the issue in Afghanistan is simpler and President Obama has to signal the troop movement backward to their respective barracks in the western "democracies".

USA- the root Cause
The USA, the so-called largest democracy was responsible for all misfortunes that have struck Afghan people thus far. It was USA that played havoc in Afghanistan and tricked USSR to send in their Red Army and occupy it illegally, before US-led NATO did it in 2001. The new US administration needs to ponder over the fact that the western invaders have enjoyed their terror occupation of Afghanistan –and Iraq- for years now, but the nation has faced invaders for centuries. During the first century, the Parthian Empire subjugated Afghanistan, but lost it to their Indo-Parthian vassals. Then the Kushans were defeated by the Sassanids in the third century. Then the Hephthalites were defeated by the Sasanian king Khosrau I in AD 557, who re-established Sassanid power in Persia. However, the successors of Kushans and Hepthalites were later defeated by the Muslim Arab armies and finally conquered by Muslim Turkish armies led by the Ghaznavids.

In 1738, Nadir Shah and his army, which included four thousand Pashtuns of the Abdali clan, conquered the region of Kandahar, now the hotspot of NATO terror occupation. in the same year he occupied Ghazni, Kabul and Lahore . On June 19, 1747, Nadir Shah was assassinated. The Afghans gathered at Kandahar and chose Ahmad Shah as their King. Since then, he is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. By 1751, Ahmad Shah Durrani and his Afghan army conquered the entire present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan , Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran , along with Delhi in India. During the nineteenth century, following the Anglo-Afghan wars (fought 1839–42, 1878–80, and lastly in 1919) and the ascension of the Barakzai dynasty, Afghanistan saw much of its territory and autonomy ceded to the United Kingdom. The UK exercised a great deal of influence, and it was not until King Amanullah Khan acceded to the throne in 1919 that Afghanistan re-gained complete independence over its foreign affairs. King Amanullah (1919-1929) established diplomatic relations with most major countries and, following a 1927 tour of Europe and Turkey (during which he noted the modernization and secularization advanced by Atatürk), introduced several reforms intended to modernize Afghanistan. In 1973, Zahir Shah's brother-in-law, Mohammed Daoud Khan, launched a bloodless coup and became the first President of Afghanistan while Zahir Shah was on an official overseas visit.

Reagan Doctrine
Since the late 1970s Afghanistan has suffered continuous and brutal civil war in addition to foreign interventions in the form of the 1979 Soviet invasion and the 2001 U.S.-led invasion that toppled the Taliban government.

In modern items, Soviet occupation and NAYOP occupation significantly weakened Afghanistan as nation state. The U.S. saw the situation as a prime opportunity to weaken the Soviet Union. As part of a Cold War strategy, in 1979 the US government (under President Jimmy Carter) began to covertly fund forces ranged against the pro-Soviet government, although warned by Jewish National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski that this might prompt a Soviet intervention.

In March 1979 Hafizullah Amin took over as prime minister, retaining the position of field marshal. In order to bolster the Parcham faction, the Soviet Union —citing the 1978 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good Neighbourliness that had been signed between the two countries—intervened on December 24, 1979. Over 100,000 Soviet troops took part in the invasion backed by another one hundred thousand and by members of the Parcham faction. Amin was killed and replaced by Babrak Karmal. In response to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and part of its overall Cold War strategy, the USA responded by arming and otherwise supporting the Afghan Mujahideen, which had taken up arms against the Soviet occupiers. The Mujahedeen belonged to various different factions, but all shared, to varying degrees, a similarly conservative 'Islamic' ideology.

Following the September 11, the USA launched Operation Enduring Freedom, a military campaign to destroy the Al-Qaeda terrorist training camps inside Afghanistan. The U.S. military also threatened to overthrow the Taliban government for refusing to hand over Osama bin Laden and several Al-Qaeda members. The U.S. made a common cause with the former Afghan Mujahideen to achieve its ends, including the Northern Alliance, a militia still recognized by the United Nations as the Afghan government.

U.S. support began during the Carter administration, but increased substantially during the Reagan administration, in which it became a centrepiece of the so-called Reagan Doctrine under which the U.S. provided support to anti-communist resistance movements in Afghanistan and also in Angola, Nicaragua, and other nations. In addition to U.S. support, the Mujahedeen received support from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and other nations.

The Soviet occupation resulted in the killings of between six hundred thousand and 2 million Afghan civilians. Over 5 million Afghans fled their country to Pakistan, Iran and other parts of the world. Faced with mounting international pressure and great number of casualties on both sides, the Soviets withdrew in 1989. Now since 2001 the number of NATO killings has crossed a million. India claims it ahs a role to play in Afghanistan and is indirectly aiding the NATO terrorists.

By the end of 2000 the Taliban had become widely popular and captured 95% of the country. During the Taliban's seven-year rule, Communists were systematically eradicated and thieves were punished by amputating one of their hands or feet. Opium production was nearly wiped out by the Taliban by 2001. West cried over the human rights violations.

In late 2001 the UNSC authorized the creation of an International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) which in fact a hidden terror squad. This force is composed of NATO troops that are involved in assisting the government of President Hamid Karzai in establishing the writ of law as well as rebuilding key infrastructures in the nation.

Upon killing all anti-American Afghans, the NATO decided to put in place a puppet regime to execute their orders and began the scheme coming alive.. This was necessary to silence any possible opposition in UN or UNSC- both controlled by USA and its allies.. After a nationwide Loya Jirga (Council of Elders) in 2002, Karzai was chosen by the representatives to assume the title as Interim President of Afghanistan. The country convened a Constitutional Loya Jirga in 2003 and a new constitution was ratified in January 2004. Following an election in October 2004, Hamid Karzai “won” by unfair means and became the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Legislative elections were held in September 2005. The National Assembly – the first freely elected legislature in Afghanistan since 1973 – sat in December 2005.
Hamid Karzai, who otherwise rich has made enormous wealth since 2001, is seeking re-election now on August 20. His critical views about the illegal occupation of NATO in Afghanistan are resented by Washington which thinks the NATO is democratizing the Afghans before being murdered. USA has arranged big teams of over 40 presidential aspirants for the August poll to enable Karzai to win in the first round itself.

Dr. Abdul Ruff Colachal is an Independent Researcher in International Affairs based in India.

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Benefits of Zakat

خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِم بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلاَتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَّهُمْ وَاللّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

Take Sadaqah (alms) from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allâh for them. Verily! Your invocations are a source of security for them, and Allâh is All-Hearer, All-Knower. (Al-Qur'an 9:103)

The original meaning of Zakat is both purification and growth. Zakat purifies the donors from selfishness , miserliness and stinginess. Zakat augments the wealth and makes it abundant. Mohammed said, “ Never will charity diminish the wealth, rather it augments it”.

Zakat is a manifestation of social mutual responsibility among the Muslims. So the wealthy among them may sympathize with the poor And the poor among them may love the wealthy. Also Zakat is the major economic means for establishing social justice and leading the Muslim society to prosperity and security.
  • Zakat (paying the poor due) is one of the 5 pillars of Islam.
  • It indicates a person’s sincerity of faith, since it shows his commitment to sacrifice something which he covets (material wealth). Hence it is called sadaqah, because it is an indication of his sincerity (sidq) to please Allah, may He be exalted.
  • It cleanses ones character of greed avarice selfishness and miserliness.
  • It gladdens the heart. If a person gives something, especially wealth, he feels a sense of joy. This is something that is tried and tested, but it is subject to the condition that he gives gladly and willingly, not grudgingly.
  • It is one of the means of entering Paradise, because Paradise is for the one who “speaks good words, spreads (the greeting of) salaam, feeds the hungry and prays at night when the people are asleep.” And all of us are striving to enter Paradise.
  • It makes society like a single family, in which those who have the means, show compassion to those who do not and the rich show empathy to those who are in hardship. Thus a person feels that he has brothers to whom he must do good as Allah has been good to him. This is practised nowadays as “social security”, but zakat is better, because a person is paying it voluntarily as an obligatory duty and benefiting his brothers thereby.
  • It prevents extreme financial disparity and associated social evils and crimes.
  • It leads a man to learn about the laws of Allah, because he can never pay his zakat until he has learned the rulings on zakat, the kinds of wealth that are subject to zakat and those who are entitled to receive it, and other information that he needs.
  • It purifies wealth, so that the wealth will grow literally and metaphorically. If a person gives charity from his wealth, that this will protect him from problems, and Allah may increase his provision because of his giving charity.
  • It expiates for sins.
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