Russia to build Indian atomic units


Russia will build 12 nuclear reactors in India, half of them by 2017, and sell an aircraft carrier and MiG fighter jets, officials say.

Sergei Kiriyenko, head of Russia's state nuclear corporation Rosatom, announced in New Delhi on Friday that six of the reactors would be built between 2012 and 2017.

Kiriyenko is accompanying Vladimir Putin, Russia's prime minister, on a visit to India to sign a series of lucrative arms and energy deals.

"So far it is clear that it will be 12 [reactors]. And this is not the final figure," he said.

Sergei Ivanov, the Russian deputy prime minister, said the reactor agreement covered the construction of "up to 16 nuclear energy units" at three Indian sites.

Two units are already under construction in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and Russia won a deal to build four more in 2008.

It was unclear if the 16 reactors referred to by Ivanov included these six.

Uday Bhaskar, a New Delhi-based defence and security analyst, told Al Jazeera that Putin's visit was significant in many ways.

"This trip is about consolidating their relationship. There are a number of defence and strategic deals that will be signed. I also think there will be some political issues talked about such as how to deal with Afghanistan and also the rise of China," he said.

Trouble sale

Russian officials had said Putin would sign more than a dozen pacts amounting to $10bn.

One of the accords signed on Friday aims to resolve the troubled sale of a refitted Soviet-era aircraft carrier, the Admiral Gorshkov.

Price disputes and delayed deliveries in the way of the sale of the Admiral Gorshkov had sparking concerns in Moscow that India may be planning to end its dependence on Russian military equipment.

Ivanov, the Russian deputy prime minister, said the vessel would be delivered by the end of 2012. The final cost was not revealed, although experts believe it to be around $2.3bn.

On the other hand, Mikhail Pogosyan, the general director of the Russian aircraft manufacturer RAC-MiG, estimated the value of the MiG-29K fighter deal at around $1.5bn.

Russia supplies 70 per cent of India's military hardware, but in recent years New Delhi has looked to other military suppliers, including Israel and the US.

Trade relations

Together with Brazil and China, Russia and India make up the so-called BRIC grouping of major developing economies seeking to promote a multipolar world economy not dominated by the US.

But at just over $7.5bn in 2009, trade turnover remains minuscule and the two countries will aim to increase it to $20bn by 2015.

According to Indian officials, energy is emerging as a new focus of co-operation between oil and gas-rich Russia and energy-starved India, which is always on the lookout for new fuel sources to power its growing economy.

The strong ties between Moscow and New Delhi date back to the 1950s.

But India has in recent years also taken care to balance this friendship by fostering closer relations with the US.

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US Court OKs “God” in Pledge of Allegiance


A US federal appeals court has upheld the use of the word “God” in the pledge of allegiance and on currency, reported the Bloomberg BusinessWeek on Friday, March 12.

“We hold that the Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the establishment clause,” judge Carlos T. Bea said in his ruling.

The 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a lawsuit by an atheist activist that the “One Nation Under God” phrase recited by school students violates constitutional rules violating church and state.

“The phrase ‘one Nation under God’ does not turn this patriotic exercise into a religious activity.”

The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted by Congress in 1942 without the “under God” reference.

In 1954, the Pledge was amended to add the phrase “under God”.

"Congress ostensible and predominant purpose when it enacted and amended the pledge over time was patriotic, not religious," said the judge.

The Pledge is sworn by children in public schools in response to state laws requiring it to be offered.

Congressional sessions open with the swearing of the Pledge, as do government meetings at local levels.

“Without knowing the history behind these words, one might well think the phrase 'one Nation under God' could not be anything but religious,” said the ruling.

“History, however, shows these words have an even broader meaning, one grounded in philosophy and politics and reflecting many events of historical significance.”

Constitutional

The federal court said that the “under God” phrase is in no violation of the US Constitution.

“The Pledge is constitutional," said Judge Bea.

"The Pledge of Allegiance serves to unite our vast nation through the proud recitation of some of the ideals upon which our Republic was founded.”

The appeals court also rejected another lawsuit by the atheist activist against the use of “In God We Trust” phrase on US currency.

“In God We Trust” is the official motto of the United States.

The motto first appeared on a coin in 1864 during strong Christian sentiment emerging during the Civil War.

It became the official US national motto after the passage of an Act of Congress in 1956.

“We are pleased with the ruling,” said Charles Miller, a Justice Department spokesman.

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France Readies Burqa Law, UK Urges Ban


While France is preparing a law to ban the wearing of face-veil in the European country by spring, the anti-veil camp is gaining new backers in neighboring Britain.

"In a democracy, we don’t live behind a mask," said French Prime Minister Francois Fillon, reported France24 on Friday, March 12.

"That is why we have decided, with the president to legislate (the burqa ban) in the spring."

Fillon said the burqa, an outfit covering the whole body from head to toe and wore by some Muslim women, runs counter to France’s liberal principles.

"A full veil that hides the whole face runs contrary to our idea of free and open social interaction," he told a meeting of activists and supporters of the ruling Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).

France has been gripped by a heated debate on the face-veil – burqa and niqab - since President Nicolas Sarkozy had declared the outfit “not welcome” in the secular country.

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Burqa: A Station on French Islamophobes' Road
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We Are Not Oppressed: Burka Women

Fillon has recently asked the top court to help the government draft a law banning the face-veil after a parliamentary panel recommended a partial ban on the wear in hospitals, schools, public transport and government offices.

According to the Interior Ministry, only about 1,900 Muslim women are estimated to being using face-veils.

In 2004, France, home to nearly seven million Muslims, the biggest Muslim minority in Europe, banned hijab in schools and public places.

While hijab is an obligatory code of dress for Muslim women, the majority of Muslim scholars agree that a woman is not obliged to wear the face-veil.

Scholars believe it is up to women to decide whether to take on the veil or burqa.

Ban

The anti-burqa camp is also gaining grounds in Britain, with calls for banning the outfit.

“In my view, and the view of my constituents, wearing the burqa is not an acceptable form of dress and the banning of it should be seriously considered,'' Philip Hollobone, Conservative MP for Kettering, told the Daily Telegraph.

Hollobone said the face-veil was “oppressive and regressive” to the advancement of women in society.

“It goes against the British way of life,” he said.

"If we all went around wearing burqas our country would be a very sad place.”

Last January, the right-wing UK Independence Party (UKIP) called for banning face-veils from public and private places in the north-western European country.

The far-right British National Party has also called for banning it in schools.

Similar debates are also heating up in Italy, Denmark, Netherlands and Germany.

“I seriously think that a ban on wearing the burqa in public should be considered,” Hollobone told the House of Commons earlier this week.

“This is Britain. We are not a Muslim country.”

On Monday, the EU top rights chief harshly criticized European politicians’ calls for banning face-veil.

Thomas Hammarberg, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, said the ban would constitute an ill-advised invasion of individual privacy and a violation to European Convention on Human Rights.

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India Quizzes Top Hindus Over Muslim Killings


Two senior Hindu officials of India’s nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have been summoned for questioning over the massacre of Muslims in the western state of Gujarat eight years ago.

"I have been asked to appear before SIT (Special Investigating Team) tomorrow," former BJP General Secretary Nalin Bhatt told the Press Trust of India Friday, March 12.

Bhatt will be quizzed about the killing of 2,000 Muslims in Gujarat in 2002.

The summoning comes one day after Gujarat’s chief minister Narendra Modi was summoned for questioning over the killings.

"We have called the Gujarat chief minister" for questioning on March 21, SIT chief R.K. Raghavan told Agence France Presse (AFP).

The orders follow one by the Supreme Court to investigators last year to probe a complaint filed by Zakia Jafri, widow of ex-Congress party MP Ehsan Jafri, who was killed on February 28, 2002.

Jafri was hacked to death and burnt by Hindu extremists who stormed the Gulbarg Society, a residential complex housing Muslim families in Ahmedabad, Gujarat's largest city.

In 2002, at least 2000 were hacked or burned to death by Hindu mobs in Gujarat after 59 Hindu pilgrims died in a train fire.

The fire was first blamed on Muslims but a later inquiry concluded it was accidental.

Modi, a prominent BJP member who is often seen as a future prime minister of India, has long been accused by human rights groups of turning a blind eye to the anti-Muslim pogrom.

Welcome

The police questioning drew showering praise from families of the Gujarat victims.

"I don't care what happens afterwards but it's good that Modi has been served summons," Zakia Jafri said.

"I have had sleepless nights since the incident. Now let him (Modi) also have some sleepless nights."

Jafri's son, Tanveer, said he hoped his mother's complaint against Modi "will lead to formal charges being filed."

Lawyers and activists, who have campaigned for justice for the Muslim victims, also welcomed the summons.

"(This is) a good first step towards justice,” Mukul Sinha, a lawyer representing the victims, told CNN-IBN news channel.

Teesta Setalvad, a rights activist supporting the Muslim victims, hailed the move as a "long overdue" step that was "not enough."

"I hope this leads to the charging Modi for conspiracy," she told CNN-IBN.

Previous investigations into the killings commissioned by the Gujarat government absolved the state police and administration of collusion or allowing the rioters a free rein.

But last March, Gujarat's Women and Child Welfare Minister Maya Kodnani was arrested on charges of leading a mob that killed more than 100 people during the riots, making her the highest-ranking state official to be detained.

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